{
  "article": "collagen-vitamin-c",
  "language": "en",
  "figure": {
    "title": "What was actually measured?",
    "caption": "Evidence map synthesised from the final supplied report and references 1–5. The steps represent different questions, not a numeric quality score or proof that every study progresses through all levels.",
    "labels": [
      "Availability",
      "Amino acids in blood",
      "Biomarker",
      "Systemic PINP; not tendon-specific",
      "Tissue synthesis",
      "Which tissue was sampled?",
      "Tendon adaptation",
      "Structure and mechanics over weeks",
      "Sport outcome",
      "Healing and armwrestling performance remain unproven"
    ]
  },
  "data": {
    "kind": "concept",
    "origin": "editorial"
  },
  "references": [
    {
      "authors": "Shaw G, Lee-Barthel A, Ross MLR, Wang B, Baar K.",
      "year": 2017,
      "title": "Vitamin C–enriched gelatin supplementation before intermittent activity augments collagen synthesis",
      "journal": "American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 105:136–143.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.116.138594"
    },
    {
      "authors": "Aussieker T, et al.",
      "year": 2023,
      "title": "Collagen Protein Ingestion during Recovery from Exercise Does Not Increase Muscle Connective Protein Synthesis Rates",
      "journal": "Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000003214"
    },
    {
      "authors": "Aussieker T, et al.",
      "year": 2025,
      "title": "Ingestion of a Whey Plus Collagen Protein Blend Increases Myofibrillar and Muscle Connective Protein Synthesis Rates",
      "journal": "Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 57:544–556.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000003596"
    },
    {
      "authors": "Nulty CD, Phelan K, Erskine RM.",
      "year": 2025,
      "title": "Hydrolysed Collagen Supplementation Enhances Patellar Tendon Adaptations to 12 Weeks’ Resistance Training in Middle-Aged Men",
      "journal": "European Journal of Sport Science. 25:e12281.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsc.12281"
    },
    {
      "authors": "Buchalski A, Jeanfavre M, Altorelli C, Leff G.",
      "year": 2026,
      "title": "Collagen Supplementation on Tendon-Related Structural and Performance Outcomes: A Systematic Review",
      "journal": "Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 11(1):130.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk11010130"
    }
  ]
}