{
  "article": "keith-baar-isometrics",
  "language": "en",
  "figure": {
    "title": "Tendon adaptation is not just an increase in size",
    "caption": "Lazarczuk et al. (2022): pooled standardised pre-to-post changes with 95% confidence intervals. Based on 61 articles overall, with different contributing groups for each outcome. SMD is unitless—not a percentage or an effect against a single control group.",
    "labels": [
      "Stiffness",
      "Young’s modulus",
      "Cross-sectional area"
    ],
    "unit": "SMD · 95% CI"
  },
  "data": {
    "kind": "interval",
    "origin": "reported",
    "source": "tendon-isometrics",
    "pages": [
      3
    ],
    "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-022-01695-y",
    "headers": [
      "outcome",
      "estimate",
      "lower_95",
      "upper_95"
    ],
    "rows": [
      [
        0,
        0.74,
        0.62,
        0.86
      ],
      [
        1,
        0.82,
        0.58,
        1.07
      ],
      [
        2,
        0.22,
        0.12,
        0.33
      ]
    ],
    "min": 0,
    "max": 1.2,
    "precision": 2
  },
  "references": [
    {
      "authors": "Paxton JZ, Hagerty P, Andrick JJ, Baar K.",
      "year": 2012,
      "title": "Optimizing an Intermittent Stretch Paradigm Using ERK1/2 Phosphorylation Results in Increased Collagen Synthesis in Engineered Ligaments",
      "journal": "Tissue Engineering Part A. 18:277–284.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1089/ten.tea.2011.0336"
    },
    {
      "authors": "Lazarczuk SL, et al.",
      "year": 2022,
      "title": "Mechanical, Material and Morphological Adaptations of Healthy Lower Limb Tendons to Mechanical Loading: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis",
      "journal": "Sports Medicine. 52:2405–2429.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-022-01695-y"
    },
    {
      "authors": "Rio E, et al.",
      "year": 2015,
      "title": "Isometric exercise induces analgesia and reduces inhibition in patellar tendinopathy",
      "journal": "British Journal of Sports Medicine. 49:1277–1283.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2014-094386"
    },
    {
      "authors": "Clifford C, Challoumas D, Paul L, Syme G, Millar NL.",
      "year": 2020,
      "title": "Effectiveness of isometric exercise in the management of tendinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials",
      "journal": "BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine. 6:e000760.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000760"
    },
    {
      "authors": "Oranchuk DJ, Storey AG, Nelson AR, Cronin JB.",
      "year": 2019,
      "title": "Isometric training and long-term adaptations: Effects of muscle length, intensity, and intent: A systematic review",
      "journal": "Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 29:484–503.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13375"
    }
  ]
}